When it comes to marketing there are so many different types that you can do. Some are online and others are offline and depending on what you are trying to achieve and how you go about it will impact the outcome you have using either of these methods.
If you are looking in to online marketing then this is often drilled down in to on page and off page marketing. On page meaning changes / improvement made on your actually website as opposed to off page which is optimisation and marketing done away from your site in order to improve your search engine optimisation ( ranking on search engine sites such as Google) and also to increase traffic to your site directly from others.
There are many ways to do off page marketing, some of the popular being link building, Pay per Click, social media marketing and video / image sharing on sites such as YouTube and Pinterest.